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DefinitionEye stone disease, also known as conjunctival calculi, refers to th...

DefinitionEye stone disease, also known as conjunctival calculi, refers to the presence of hard deposits or stones in the conjunctival sac of the eye. These stones are usually calcium carbonate deposits that form due to various factors, such as chronic conjunctivitis, dry eye, or foreign bodies in the eye.EtiologyThe etiology of eye stone disease is multifaceted and can be attributed to several factors:Chronic conjunctivitisLong-standing inflammation of the conjunctiva can lead to the accumulation of calcium and other minerals, forming stonesDry eyeLack of lubrication in the eye can cause the conjunctiva to become inflamed and prone to stone formationForeign bodiesTiny particles, such as dust, sand, or metal fragments, can become embedded in the conjunctiva and act as nucleation sites for stone formationSystemic diseasesCertain systemic diseases, such as hypercalcemia (elevated calcium levels in the blood), can increase the risk of eye stone formationSymptomsSymptoms of eye stone disease may vary depending on the size and location of the stones. Common symptoms include:IrritationStones can irritate the conjunctiva, causing a constant feeling of discomfortRednessInflammation of the conjunctiva leads to redness in the eyeForeign body sensationPatients may feel as if there is something lodged in their eyeDecreased visionLarge stones can sometimes obstruct the cornea, affecting visionDischargeThe eye may produce excessive discharge due to the irritation and inflammationTreatmentTreatment of eye stone disease typically involves removing the stones and addressing the underlying cause. Here are the steps involved:Removal of stonesA healthcare professional may use a cotton swab or surgical instrument to gently remove the stones. In some cases, they may numb the eye with anesthetic drops to reduce discomfortAntibiotic treatmentAntibiotics may be prescribed to prevent infection following stone removalAddressing underlying causesIt is important to treat the underlying condition that led to stone formation. For example, if the stones are due to dry eye, artificial tears or other lubricants may be prescribed. If the stones are caused by chronic conjunctivitis, appropriate treatment for the inflammation should be initiatedPreventionPreventing eye stone disease involves maintaining good eye hygiene and treating any underlying conditions that may increase the risk of stone formation. Here are some preventive measures:Regular eye examsVisiting an ophthalmologist regularly can help detect and treat conditions that may lead to stone formationProper eye hygieneKeep the eyes clean by washing them regularly with clean water. Avoid rubbing the eyes vigorously, as this can irritate the conjunctivaUse of lubricantsIf you have dry eye, use artificial tears or other lubricants to keep the eyes moistProtection from foreign bodiesWear protective eyewear when working in dusty or dirty environments to prevent foreign bodies from entering the eyeBy following these preventive measures and seeking prompt treatment for any eye-related conditions, you can reduce the risk of developing eye stone disease.