初三定语从句PPT
定语从句是英语语法中的重要概念,在复合句中起到修饰和限定名词或代词的作用。初三学生对于定语从句的理解和运用,有助于提高英语阅读和写作能力。本文将详细介绍定...
定语从句是英语语法中的重要概念,在复合句中起到修饰和限定名词或代词的作用。初三学生对于定语从句的理解和运用,有助于提高英语阅读和写作能力。本文将详细介绍定语从句的概念、分类、用法以及注意事项,以帮助初三学生全面掌握这一语法点。定语从句的概念定语从句,又称形容词性从句,是修饰名词或代词的句子,用来描述名词或代词的性质、特征、所属关系等。通常紧跟在被修饰的名词或代词之后,并用逗号隔开。被修饰的名词或代词被称为先行词。例如:The man who lives next door is a doctor.(住在隔壁的那个人是医生。)在这个例子中,“who lives next door”就是一个定语从句,修饰“the man”,说明这个人是住在隔壁的。定语从句的分类根据引导定语从句的关联词的不同,可以将定语从句分为两类:限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。1. 限制性定语从句限制性定语从句是用来修饰和限定先行词的,不可省略,否则主句的意思就不完整。常见的关联词有that、which、who、whose等。例如:The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.(我从图书馆借的那本书很有趣。)在这个例子中,“that I borrowed from the library”是一个限制性定语从句,用来修饰“the book”,说明是哪一本书。2. 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句是对先行词进行补充说明的,即使省略也不会影响主句的意思。常见的关联词有which、who等。例如:Tom, who is my neighbor, often helps me with my homework.(汤姆是我的邻居,经常帮我做作业。)在这个例子中,“who is my neighbor”是一个非限制性定语从句,用来补充说明“Tom”的情况。定语从句的用法1. 用that引导定语从句that既可以用来引导限制性定语从句,也可以用来引导非限制性定语从句。在引导限制性定语从句时,that可以替代which、who等其他关联词。在引导非限制性定语从句时,that不能省略。例如:I like the book that my teacher recommended.(我喜欢老师推荐的那本书。)在这个例子中,“that my teacher recommended”是一个限制性定语从句,用来修饰“the book”,用that替代了which。2. 用which引导定语从句which只能用来引导非限制性定语从句,不能用来引导限制性定语从句。which可以指代整个主句的内容,也可以指代主句中的某个部分。使用which时需要注意逗号的用法。例如:She is a successful doctor, which her parents are very proud of.(她是一名成功的医生,这让她的父母非常骄傲。)在这个例子中,“which her parents are very proud of”是一个非限制性定语从句,用which指代整个主句“She is a successful doctor”,并说明“这让她的父母非常骄傲”。3. 用who引导定语从句who只能用来引导限制性定语从句,指代人。在引导限制性定语从句时,who可以替代that、whom等其他关联词。使用who时需要注意先行词的性别和数量。例如:My sister, who is a teacher, often helps me with my studies.(我的姐姐是一名教师,经常帮我学习。)在这个例子中,“who is a teacher”是一个限制性定语从句,用来修饰“my sister”,用who指代人。4. 用whose引导定语从句whose既可以用来引导限制性定语从句,也可以用来引导非限制性定语从句。whose可以指代先行词的所有格关系,表示“某人的”。使用whose时需要注意先行词的名词属性。例如:The girl whose parents died in the accident is now living with her grandparents.(父母在事故中去世的女孩现在和祖父母住在一起。)在这个例子中,“whose parents died in the accident”是一个限制性定语从句,用来修饰“the girl”,表示这个女孩的父母在事故中去世了。5. 用as引导定语从句as可以用来引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,表示“正如……”。在引导限制性定语从句时,as可以放在句首或句中。在引导非限制性定语从句时,as不能放在句首。例如:As you can see, the weather is very good today.(正如你所看到的,今天的天气非常好。)在这个例子中,“As you can see”是一个非限制性定语从句,用来说明“今天的天气非常好”。6. 用than引导定语从句than可以用来引导非限制性定语从句,表示“比……”。在引导非限制性定语从句时,than不能省略。例如:Tom works harder than his sister.(汤姆比他妹妹更努力。)在这个例子中,“than his sister”是一个非限制性定语从句,用来补充说明“Tom works harder”的情况。7. 用in which引导定语从句in which可以用来引导非限制性定语从句,表示“在……中”。在引导非限制性定语从句时,in which不能省略。例如:I like the book in which there are many interesting stories.(我喜欢那本里面有许多有趣故事的书。)在这个例子中,“in which there are many interesting stories”是一个非限制性定语从句,用来补充说明“我喜欢那本书的原因”。注意事项定语从句的关联词要使用正确不可随意省略或替换定语从句的位置要放在被修饰的名词或代词之后并用逗号隔开定语从句的时态要与主句的时态保持一致定语从句的语序要采用陈述句语序不可使用疑问句语序定语从句和非限制性定语从句的使用要适当不可过度使用,以免影响句子结构的清晰度和阅读体验练习与巩固练习1:选择正确的关联词填空The _______ lives next door is a doctor. (who/that)I like the book _______ was written by the author. (which/that)She is the only person _______ can solve this problem. (who/that)We went to the zoo _______ there were many different kinds of animals. (which/where)The film _______ we saw last night was very exciting. (which/that)练习2:将简单句合并成定语从句The man is a teacher. He teaches English.The man who teaches English is a teacherThe building is a school. We study in the building.We study in the building which is a schoolThe person wrote a book. His name is Tom.The person who wrote a book is called TomI visited the city last year. My grandparents live in the city.I visited the city where my grandparents live last yearThe music festival was held in June. I went to the festival with my friends.I went to the music festival which was held in June with my friends