定语从句PPT
定语从句的概念在句子中，修饰名词或代词的从句称为定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。引导定语从句的词被称为关系代词或关系副词。关系代词引导的定语从句t...
定语从句的概念在句子中，修饰名词或代词的从句称为定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。引导定语从句的词被称为关系代词或关系副词。关系代词引导的定语从句that 既可以用于指人也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不省略，作宾语时可以省略which 用于指物在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略who 用于指人在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略whom 用于指人在从句中充当宾语，可以省略whose 用于指人或物在从句中充当定语，不能省略关系副词引导的定语从句where 用于指地点在从句中作地点状语when 用于指时间在从句中作时间状语why 用于指原因在从句中作原因状语限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句对所修饰的名词或代词的意义进行限定，即如果去掉定语从句，主句的意思就不完整。引导限制性定语从句的关系代词有that, which, who(宾格whom,所有格whose)，关系副词有where, when、why等非限制性定语从句对所修饰的名词或代词没有限定意义，即去掉定语从句，主句的意思仍然完整。引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有who, whose, whom, which等，关系副词有where, when等。非限制性定语从句一般不用逗号与主句隔开。如果非限制性定语从句的先行词指人则不能用which引导。另外，非限制性定语从句还可以修饰整个主句，可用as作引导词，不可用which在非限制性定语从句中作引导词介词+关系代词引导的定语从句当先行词指物时，可以使用“介词+which”的结构来引导定语从句。“介词+which”中的介词有in, on, about、from等。根据句子意思确定使用哪个介词。如果关系代词which前没有介词，不可选用at、by等介词。当使用“介词+which”的结构时，介词不能提前。当介词在关系代词前时，如果关系代词指物只能用which而不能用that。修饰the same…as, such…as和the kind of…as的区别the same…as 中same后面的名词应是先行词所修饰的名词；the same…that中same后面的名词是先行词所修饰的名词所对应的名词；the same…as中same前面的词语不能是主语；the same…that中same前面的词语可以是主语比较下列句子：I have the same book as you have.(修饰名词book)I bought the same book that you bought.(修饰名词book所对应的名词)I have the same book that you have.(修饰主语I)I bought the same book as you did.(the same book as是修饰book的短语)I bought the same book as you did.(the same book as是修饰book所对应的名词的短语)such…as中such后面的名词应是先行词所修饰的名词；such…that中such后面的名词是先行词所修饰的名词所对应的名词；such…as中such前面的词语不能是主语；such…that中such前面的词语可以是主语比较下列句子：I have such a book as you have.(修饰名词book)I bought such a book that you bought.(修饰名词book所对应的名词)I have such a book that you have.(修饰主语I)I bought such a book as you did.(the same book as是修饰book的短语)I bought such a book as you did.(the same book as是修饰book所对应的名词的短语)定语从句中的主谓一致在定语从句中，谓语动词的单复数形式必须和先行词保持一致。如果先行词是单数，从句中的谓语动词也要用单数形式；如果先行词是复数，从句中的谓语动词也要用复数形式。但有时，为了保持句子平衡或语法结构，也可以不遵循这一原则。例如：This is the plane that will fly to Shanghai this afternoon.（先行词是plane，谓语动词用单数形式）The planes that are flying in the sky are very beautiful.（先行词是planes，谓语动词用复数形式）定语从句中的时态在定语从句中，时态的使用要遵循一定的规则。一般情况下，如果主句的时态是现在时或将来时，从句的时态可以根据需要使用任何时态。但如果主句的时态是过去时，从句的时态通常也要用过去的相应时态。但有时为了强调定语从句所修饰的名词或代词，也可以将其改为现在时。例如：I will never forget the day when I joined the army.（主句是将来时，从句可以用任何时态）He was born in 1970 when China was still poor.（主句是过去时，从句用过去时）The book which you are reading is written by a famous writer.（为了强调修饰的名词，将定语从句改为现在时）定语从句中的省略在定语从句中，如果关系代词在从句中充当宾语，且从句结构简单，则可以将关系代词省略，只保留一个主谓结构。例如：The man (who) you saw at the party is my brother.（省略了关系代词who）The car (that) she drives is very expensive.（省略了关系代词that）注意定语从句与同位语从句的区别在英语中，定语从句和同位语从句都用于修饰名词或代词，但它们的作用和功能不同。定语从句是对名词或代词进行限定和描述，同位语从句则是对名词或代词所表示的内容进行解释和说明。因此，在写作中要注意区分两者，避免混淆。例如：The news (that) he will be promoted is true.（定语从句，限定和描述news）The news (that) he will be promoted to the rank of general is true.（同位语从句，解释和说明news的具体内容）定语从句与强调句型的区分在英语中，定语从句和强调句型都涉及到对句子成分的强调，但它们的结构和功能是不同的。定语从句是对名词或代词进行修饰和限定，强调句型则是通过改变句子结构来强调某个成分。因此，在写作中也要注意区分两者，避免混淆。例如：It was he who/that wrote the letter.（强调句型，强调主语he）The letter which he wrote was important.（定语从句，修饰限定先行词the letter）总结定语从句是英语语法中的重要组成部分，它可以修饰名词或代词，增强句子的表达效果。掌握定语从句的用法需要理解其结构、时态、省略等方面的知识，同时也需要注意与同位语从句、强调句型的区别。通过不断的练习和实践，可以逐步提高自己在写作和阅读中对定语从句的运用能力。常见错误及纠正方法混淆关系代词和关系副词的用法关系代词在从句中充当宾语或主语，关系副词在从句中充当状语。因此，需要根据从句的成分选择合适的关系代词或关系副词。例如：I will never forget the day when I joined the army.（正确，when是关系副词，充当状语）I will never forget the day which I joined the army on.（错误，on是介词，应该使用which引导定语从句）时态不一致在定语从句中，时态的使用要与主句保持一致，但也要注意与从句的语境相符合。例如：I will never forget the day when I joined the army.（正确，主句和从句时态一致）He was born in 1970 when China was still poor.（正确，主句和从句时态一致）The book which you are reading is written by a famous writer.（正确，从句时态与主句保持一致）省略关系代词不当在定语从句中，如果关系代词在从句中充当宾语并且从句结构简单，可以将关系代词省略，但需要注意保留一个主谓结构。例如：The man (who) you saw at the party is my brother.（正确，省略了关系代词who）The car (that) she drives is very expensive.（正确，省略了关系代词that）The book which you are reading is written by a famous writer.（错误，应该省略为The book you are reading is written by a famous writer.）定语从句与同位语从句混淆定语从句是对名词或代词进行修饰和限定，同位语从句则是对名词或代词所表示的内容进行解释和说明。因此，需要根据从句的作用和功能选择合适的引导词。例如：The news (that) he will be promoted is true.（正确，that引导定语从句）The news (that) he will be promoted to the rank of general is true.（错误，应该使用同位语从句的引导词that来解释和说明news的具体内容）定语从句与强调句型混淆定语从句是对名词或代词进行修饰和限定，强调句型则是通过改变句子结构来强调某个成分。因此，需要根据句子的结构和功能选择合适的引导词。例如：It was he who/that wrote the letter.（正确，强调句型，强调主语he）The letter which he wrote was important.（错误，应该使用同位语从句的引导词that来修饰限定先行词the letter）练习及答案选择正确的引导词填空(1) I will never forget the day _____ I joined the army.(2) He was born in 1970, _____ China was still poor.(3) The book _____ you are reading is written by a famous writer.(4) The man _____ you saw at the party is my brother.(5) The car _____ she drives is very expensive.答案：(1) when (2) when (3) which/that (4) who/that (5) that/which将下列句子中的定语从句改为简单句(1) The man who is standing there is my teacher.(2) The car that she bought is red.(3) The book which you are reading is interesting.答案：(1) The man standing there is my teacher. (2) She bought a red car. (3) The book you are reading is interesting.
